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CDP-ICLEI Track tarafından yapılan araştırmaya göre dünya genelindeki kentlerin yüzde 83’ü sel, kuraklık, fırtına gibi aşırı hava olayları nedeniyle risk altında. Yeditepe Üniversitesi Mimarlık Fakültesi Dekan Yardımcısı ve Kentsel Tasarım ve Peyzaj Mimarlığı Bölümü Başkanı Dr. Öğr. Üyesi Bengi Korgavuş, iklim krizinin küresel bir sorun olduğunu ve toplumun her kesiminin bu mücadelede yer alması gerektiğini belirtti. Korgavuş, “İklim krizi kentleri tehdit ediyor. Kentlerin hayat sigortası yeşil alanlardır” ifadelerini kullandı.
KARBON AYAK İZİNİ AZALTMAK ŞART
Dr. Öğr. Üyesi Korgavuş, bireysel düzeyde atılacak en önemli adımın karbon ayak izini azaltmak olduğunu belirterek “Yaşam tarzımızda yapacağımız küçük fakat etkili değişiklikler, karbon salınımını azaltarak daha çevre dostu bir hayat sürmemize olanak tanır. Yenilenebilir enerji kaynaklarını tercih etmek, enerji ve su kullanımında tasarruf sağlamak, toplu taşımayı veya bisikleti tercih etmek, bilinçli tüketim gibi adımlar, bu sürecin başında gelir” dedi.
KAMU VE STK’LAR ÖNCÜ OLMALI
Kamu ve sivil toplum kuruluşlarının, iklim değişikliğiyle mücadelede öncü bir rol üstlenmesi gerektiğine işaret eden Korgavuş, “Bu kuruluşlar, toplumsal farkındalığı artırarak, uluslararası gelişmeleri yakından izleyerek ve etkin politikalar geliştirip bu politikaları karar alıcılarla paylaşarak kritik bir katkı sağlayabilirler. Ancak bu çabaların başarıya ulaşması için hükümetlerin aktif katılımı ve liderliği şarttır” diye konuştu.
KENTLERDE ACİL ÖNLEMLER ALINMALI
Kentlerin iklim krizine karşı en savunmasız alanlar arasında yer aldığını vurgulayan Bengi Korgavuş, “Yeni araştırmalar, dünya genelindeki kentlerin yüzde 83’ünün iklim krizi kaynaklı ciddi tehlikelerle karşı karşıya olduğunu ortaya koymaktadır. Bu oran, 2022’de yüzde 80 iken, artış göstermiştir. Bu bulgular, kentlerin iklim değişikliğine karşı savunmasızlığının giderek arttığını ve acil önlemler alınması gerektiğini açıkça göstermektedir” ifadelerini kullandı.
YAYA VE BİSİKLET YOLLARI YAYGINLAŞTIRILMALI
Kentlerde, iklim değişikliğinin etkilerini azaltacak ve kentleri dirençli hale getirecek planlama ve tasarım ilkelerinin geliştirilmesi gerektiğini kaydeden Dr. Öğr. Üyesi Bengi Korgavuş, şöyle devam etti:
“İlgili politikalarla bu ilkeler, kentsel planlamanın merkezine entegre edilmelidir. Öncelikle her alanda fosil yakıt kullanımının sonlandırılması ve yenilenebilir enerji kaynaklarına geçilmesi gereklidir. Enerji verimliliğinin artırılması ve enerji tasarrufu da temel hedefler arasında yer almalıdır. Yaya odaklı kentsel tasarım, toplu taşıma sistemlerinin iyileştirilmesi, bisiklet yollarının yaygınlaştırılması ve tüm bu sistemlerin birbirine entegre edilmesi gerekmektedir.”
KENTSEL YEŞİL ALANLAR HAYATİ ÖNEME SAHİP
Yeşil alanların kentler için kilit role sahip olduğuna işaret eden Korgavuş, doğal karbon yutakları olan bu alanların kentsel ısı adası etkisini azalttığını, hava kalitesini iyileştirdiğini, yağmur sularını toprakla buluşturduğunu ve sel riskini düşürdüğünü ifade etti. Korgavuş, şunları kaydetti:
“Yaya ve taşıt yollarının ağaçlandırılması, yeşil koridorlar, yeşil çatılar, yeşil duvarlar ve kentsel tarım gibi uygulamalarla kentsel yeşil alan miktarının artırılması iklim değişikliğine dirençli kentler yaratmada büyük önem taşımaktadır. Yeşil alanlar, yeşil çatılar, yeşil otoparklar, yağmur suyu hasadı, yağmur bahçeleri ve geçirimli yüzeyler gibi yeşil altyapı sistemleri sadece erozyon ve sellerin etkilerini azaltmakla kalmaz; aynı zamanda su kaynaklarının korunması, su kıtlığının önlenmesi ve aşırı yağışların yönetilmesinde de hayati rol oynar. Bu süreçlerin yönetiminde yerel ve merkezi yönetimler sorumlu olsa da bu süreçlere sivil toplum kuruluşları, yerel halk ve gönüllülerin aktif katılımı başarı şansını artırmaktadır.”