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Hürriyet Gazetesi yazarı Gila Benmayor’ın yazısında, Türkiye’yi rakip destinasyonlar ile karşılaştırdı. Benmayor, plansız ilerlemenin sektörü bu duruma soktuğunu belirtirken, ”Turizm giderek küresel fenomene dönüşürken günümüzde nelerin prim yaptığını – ki bunların başında çevre, kültürel miras geliyor- doğru tespit ederek politikalarımızı buna göre şekillendirmek zorundayız.” dedi.
Perşembenin gelişi çarşambadan belliydi.Turizmde aylardan beri çalan alarm zillerinden söz ediyorum.
Avrupa’nın en düşük otel doluluk oranı, yılın ilk altı ayında 13,7 milyar dolardan 12,5 milyar dolara gerileyen turizm gelirleri derken çevremdeki pek çok turizmci neredeyse panikte. Alarm zillerinde Rusya’dan gelen turist sayısındaki düşüş, Suriye iç savaşı, şiddeti giderek artan terör olaylarının payı var elbette ama turizm politikalarında hiç eksiğimiz yok mu?
Sorunun cevabı için Dünya Ekonomik Forumu’nun birkaç ay önce yayınlamış olduğu Seyahat ve Turizm Rekabet Endeksi’ne yeniden bir göz attım.
Türkiye’nin endeksteki yeri 141 ülke arasında 44. sırada.
Endeksin hazırlanmasında katkısı olan DEF’in ekonomistlerinden Roberto Crotti’nin altını çizdiği şu nokta önemli:
En üst sıralarda yer alan 30 ülkenin ortaya koyduğu gibi, turizm sektörünün iyi olması için bir ülkenin zengin ya da ekonomisinin parlak olması gerekmiyor.
İşte İspanya örneği.
Yıllardan beri derin bir ekonomik krizin içinde olan bu ülke söz konusu rekabet endeksinde birinci sırada.
Endeksteki birçok sıralamada da yine en üst sıralarda yer alıyor. Yine Crotti’ye dönersek, pek çok ülkenin turizmde daha rekabetçi olmak için vize politikalarından, kültürel mirasın daha iyi tanıtımına, çevrenin korunmasından, internet ortamına kadar pek çok alanda daha çok gayret göstermesi gerekiyor.
TURİZM ÖNCELİĞİMİZ DEĞİL
Crotti’nin söylediklerinden yola çıkarak, DEF’in endeksinde yer alan bazı sıralamalara göre Türkiye’nin turizmde çalışkan öğrenci olup olmadığına bakalım.
Türkiye seyahat ve turizme öncelik veren ilk 10 ülke arasında var mı?
Maalesef hayır.
Türkiye’nin en önemli döviz kaynağı ihracat ile turizm geliri ama bu alanda ilk 10 arasında değiliz.
Malta’nın başı çektiği “Turizme Öncelik Veren Ülkeler” listesinde İspanya, Singapur, İzlanda, Barbados, Seyşel Adaları gibi ülkeler var.
Türkiye turizm için çevreyi en iyi koruyan ilk 10 ülke arasında mı?
Cevap yine olumsuz.
Sırasıyla İsveçre, İrlanda, Finlandiya, Lüksemburg, Norveç, Seyşel Adaları, Macaristan, Arjantin, İsveç, Yeni Zelanda ilk 10 arasında.
İnsanların bir ağaç kesilmesin diye nöbet tuttukları, Karadeniz’de Yeşil Yol’a direnen yaşlı başlı kadınların olduğu bir ülkenin bu listede olmasını kimse beklemiyordu zaten. Devam ediyorum.
Türkiye, turizm sanayiyi geliştirmek için kültürel kaynaklarına en fazla güvenen ülkeler arasında mı?
Dünyanın en zengin kültürel mirasına sahip ülkelerden biri olarak hiç olmazsa bu listede ilk 10 arasında yer alabilmeyi ne kadar isterdim.
KÜLTÜREL KAYNAKLARINA GÜVENMİYOR
Boşuna umutlanmayın zira bu listede de ilk 10’da değiliz.
Kültürel kaynaklarına güvenen başlıca ülkeler İspanya, Fransa, İtalya, Çin, Almanya, Japonya, İngiltere, Brezilya, Avustralya ve Hindistan.
Listedeki Avustralya gerçekten güzel bir memleket, dünyanın en eski medeniyetlerden aborjinler bu topraklarda yaşamaya devam ediyor ama şimdi elinizi vicdanınıza koyun.
Avustralya ile Türkiye’nin tarihi, kültürel zenginliği aynı mı?
Dünyanın en eski tapınağına (Göbeklitepe) ev sahipliği yapan bu topraklarda izlerini bırakmış sayısız medeniyete başka hangi ülkede rastlamak mümkün?
Bronz Çağı’ndan itibaren Anadolu’da 30’dan fazla krallık kurulmuş, imparatorluklar gelip geçmiş.
Ne ki biz bu zenginliğimizi, bu üstünlüğümüzü turizmde daha rekabetçi olmak için kullanamıyoruz.
DEF’in bu endeksinden benim çıkardığım şu:
Turizm giderek küresel fenomene dönüşürken günümüzde nelerin prim yaptığını – ki bunların başında çevre, kültürel miras geliyor- doğru tespit ederek politikalarımızı buna göre şekillendirmek zorundayız.
Çevrenin katledilmesi uğruna daha çok otel inşaatı, okulların açılışının ertelenmesi gibi şeyler kısa vadede bizi düzlüğe çıkartmaz.